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  JDBC
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  <h1 id="JDBC"><a href="#JDBC" class="headerlink" title="JDBC"></a>JDBC</h1><hr>
<h2 id="JDBC-简介"><a href="#JDBC-简介" class="headerlink" title="JDBC 简介"></a>JDBC 简介</h2><p>JDBC 是 Java EE 提供的数据库接口，负责连接 java 程序和后台数据库。安装数据库驱动程序后，开发者可以按照 JDBC 规范直接在 Java 程序上对数据库进行操作，由数据库厂商负责具体实现。</p>
<h3 id="驱动安装"><a href="#驱动安装" class="headerlink" title="驱动安装"></a>驱动安装</h3><ol>
<li>下载 MySQL 驱动包，解压后得到 jar 库文件：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/">http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/</a></li>
<li>打开 IDE，在对应项目中 configure build path 导入 jar 库文件。</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h2 id="JDBC-编程"><a href="#JDBC-编程" class="headerlink" title="JDBC 编程"></a>JDBC 编程</h2><p>JDBC 常用工具类位于 sql 包内，使用时需导入：<code>import java.sql.*</code> 。使用时可能 抛出 SQLException 异常。</p>
<h3 id="加载驱动"><a href="#加载驱动" class="headerlink" title="加载驱动"></a>加载驱动</h3><p>JDBC 首先要使用反射机制加载驱动类，并创建其对象。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Class.forName(<span class="string">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span>);          <span class="comment">// MySQL 数据库驱动</span></span><br><span class="line">Class.forName(<span class="string">&quot;oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver&quot;</span>);   <span class="comment">// Oracle 数据库驱动</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="连接数据库-Connection"><a href="#连接数据库-Connection" class="headerlink" title="连接数据库 Connection"></a>连接数据库 Connection</h3><p>JDBC 由 Connection 类负责连接数据库，参数中输入数据库 URL、账号、密码。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 连接本地 RUNOOB 数据库，需设置时区</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">DB_URL</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/RUNOOB?useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=UTC&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">USER</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;root&quot;</span>;            <span class="comment">// 数据库账号</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">PASS</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;123456&quot;</span>;          <span class="comment">// 数据库密码</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Connection</span> <span class="variable">conn</span> <span class="operator">=</span> DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);    <span class="comment">// 建立连接</span></span><br><span class="line">conn.close();                                                       <span class="comment">// 关闭连接</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="执行语句-Statement"><a href="#执行语句-Statement" class="headerlink" title="执行语句 Statement"></a>执行语句 Statement</h3><p>JDBC 由 Statement 类负责发送 SQL 语句。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">Statement</span> <span class="variable">stmt</span> <span class="operator">=</span> = conn.createStatement();         <span class="comment">// 创建 Statement 对象</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// executeQuery 执行查询操作，返回 ResultSet 结果集</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">ResultSet</span> <span class="variable">rs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> stmt.executeQuery(<span class="string">&quot;SELECT * FROM websites&quot;</span>); </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// executeUpdate 执行更新操作，返回 int 数据表示受影响行数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> stmt.executeUpdate(<span class="string">&quot;DELETE * FROM websites&quot;</span>); </span><br><span class="line">     </span><br><span class="line">stmt.close();                                      <span class="comment">// 关闭 Statement 对象</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="返回查询结果-ResultSet"><a href="#返回查询结果-ResultSet" class="headerlink" title="返回查询结果 ResultSet"></a>返回查询结果 ResultSet</h3><p>JDBC 由 ResultSet 类返回 select 语句执行结果，读取 executeQuery 方法返回的数据。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">ResultSet</span> <span class="variable">rs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> stmt.executeQuery(sql);             <span class="comment">// 获取返回结果</span></span><br><span class="line">               </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span>(rs.next())&#123;                                  <span class="comment">// 输出返回结果</span></span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(rs.getString(<span class="string">&quot;area_id&quot;</span>));    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<hr>
<h2 id="JDBC-进阶"><a href="#JDBC-进阶" class="headerlink" title="JDBC 进阶"></a>JDBC 进阶</h2><h3 id="预编译-PreparedStatement"><a href="#预编译-PreparedStatement" class="headerlink" title="预编译 PreparedStatement"></a>预编译 PreparedStatement</h3><p>PreparedStatement 类继承自 Statement 类，在 JDBC 开发中用来取代前者。有以下两个优势：</p>
<ol>
<li>可对 SQL 语句进行预编译，可以灵活地修改 SQL 语句，提高开发效率。 </li>
<li>把用户输入单引号转义，防止恶意注入，保护数据库安全。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">Connection</span> <span class="variable">connection</span> <span class="operator">=</span> DriverManager.getConnection();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">sql</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;INSERT INTO test(id,name) VALUES (?,?)&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">PreparedStatement</span> <span class="variable">stmt</span> <span class="operator">=</span> connection.preparedStatement(sql);   <span class="comment">// 创建对象并预编译</span></span><br><span class="line">stmt.setInt(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">755</span>);                                          <span class="comment">// 在第一个占位符(?)位置插入数字</span></span><br><span class="line">stmt.setString(<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="string">&quot;MrJoker&quot;</span>);                                 <span class="comment">// 在第二个占位符(?)位置插入字符串</span></span><br><span class="line">stmt.executeUpdate();                                         <span class="comment">// 更新并执行</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="批处理-executeBath"><a href="#批处理-executeBath" class="headerlink" title="批处理 executeBath"></a>批处理 executeBath</h3><p>PreparedStatement 类可以通过 executeBath 方法批量处理 SQL 语句，进一步提高效率。其返回值为一个 int[] 数组。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">Connection</span> <span class="variable">connection</span> <span class="operator">=</span> DriverManager.getConnection();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">sql</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;INSERT INTO test(id,name) VALUES (?,?)&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">PreparedStatement</span> <span class="variable">stmt</span> <span class="operator">=</span> connection.prepareStatement(sql);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1</span>; i &lt;= <span class="number">1000</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    stmt.setInt(<span class="number">1</span>, i);</span><br><span class="line">    stmt.setString(<span class="number">2</span>, (i + <span class="string">&quot;号士兵&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    stmt.addBatch();                                           <span class="comment">// 语句添加到批处理序列中</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">preparedStatement.executeBatch();                              <span class="comment">// 语句发送给数据库批量处理</span></span><br><span class="line">preparedStatement.clearBatch();                                <span class="comment">// 清空批处理序列</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h3 id="大文本和二进制数据"><a href="#大文本和二进制数据" class="headerlink" title="大文本和二进制数据"></a>大文本和二进制数据</h3><ul>
<li><p>clob 用于存储大文本</p>
</li>
<li><p>blob用于存储二进制数据</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 id="JDBC-示例"><a href="#JDBC-示例" class="headerlink" title="JDBC 示例"></a>JDBC 示例</h2><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 适用于 JDK 1.8 以后版本</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.*; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MySQLTest</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">JDBC_DRIVER</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">DB_URL</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/RUNOOB?useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=UTC&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">USER</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;root&quot;</span>; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">PASS</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;123456&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> useMethod（）&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Connection</span> <span class="variable">conn</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;                  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">PreparedStatement</span> <span class="variable">stmt</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;                    </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);                                </span><br><span class="line">            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);    </span><br><span class="line">            stmt = conn.preparedStatement(<span class="string">&quot;SELECT id, name, url FROM websites&quot;</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">ResultSet</span> <span class="variable">rs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> stmt.executeQuery();        </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span>(rs.next())&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(rs.getString(<span class="string">&quot;area_id&quot;</span>));   </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            rs.close(); </span><br><span class="line">            stmt.close(); </span><br><span class="line">            conn.close();                    </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;<span class="keyword">catch</span>(SQLException se)&#123;         <span class="comment">// 处理 JDBC 错误</span></span><br><span class="line">            se.printStackTrace(); </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;<span class="keyword">catch</span>(Exception e)&#123;             <span class="comment">// 处理 Class.forName 错误</span></span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace(); </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;<span class="keyword">finally</span>&#123;                                                 </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span>&#123; </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span>(stmt != <span class="literal">null</span>) stmt.close(); </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;<span class="keyword">catch</span>(SQLException se2)&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span>(conn != <span class="literal">null</span>) conn.close(); </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;<span class="keyword">catch</span>(SQLException se)&#123;&#125; </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
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        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
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          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
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        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
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          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
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          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
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